Guide to the Punjab Judicial Service Exam

The Punjab Judicial Service Exam is one of the most prestigious competitive examinations in the state, aimed at recruiting Civil Judges (Junior Division) cum Judicial Magistrates. This examination is conducted jointly by the Punjab and Haryana High Court and the Punjab Public Service Commission (PPSC), and it offers a coveted opportunity for law graduates to serve in the judiciary of Punjab.

About Punjab Judicial Service Exam

The judiciary is an integral pillar of governance in India, ensuring justice and upholding the rule of law. For many law graduates, the dream of becoming a Civil Judge is both prestigious and challenging. The Punjab Judicial Service Exam provides an excellent opportunity for aspiring legal professionals to secure a position as a judge at the junior level. With an attractive pay scale, numerous vacancies, and a structured examination process, this recruitment drive attracts thousands of candidates from across the state.

The exam is conducted in multiple stages—Preliminary, Main, and Viva Voce—each designed to assess different aspects of a candidate’s legal knowledge, analytical skills, and overall suitability for the judiciary. In addition to a thorough evaluation of legal expertise, the exam also tests general awareness, reasoning ability, and language proficiency.

Punjab Judicial Service Exam Overview and Key Highlights

Conducting Authorities

The Punjab Judicial Service Exam is jointly conducted by:

• Punjab and Haryana High Court
• Punjab Public Service Commission (PPSC)

This collaboration ensures that the exam maintains high standards and adheres to the guidelines necessary for recruiting competent judicial officers.

Posts Offered

• Position: Civil Judge (Junior Division) cum Judicial Magistrate
• Vacancies: The number of vacancies has varied over the years. For instance, in the 2025 notification, a total of 159 posts were announced. Earlier notifications have mentioned different numbers such as 75 vacancies. It is important for candidates to refer to the latest official notification for accurate vacancy details.

Salary and Benefits

• Pay Scale: The salary for a Punjab Civil Judge ranges from ₹27,700 to ₹44,770 per month.
• Additional Allowances: In addition to the basic pay, the post includes dearness allowance, travel allowance, and other government-sanctioned benefits.
• Job Location: The appointment is exclusively for serving in Punjab.

Eligibility Criteria for Punjab Judicial Service Exam

Eligibility for the Punjab Judicial Service Exam is rigorous, reflecting the critical nature of the role. Below are the essential criteria that candidates must meet:

Educational Qualification

• Law Degree:  A candidate must possess a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) degree from any recognised university in India. Alternatively, degrees from reputed institutions like the (undivided) Punjab University, Dacca University, Tribhuwan University (Nepal), Sind University, or Rangoon/Mandalay University are acceptable. Candidates who have qualified as Barristers of England or Ireland, or are members of the Faculty of Advocates of Scotland, are also eligible.
• Advocate Enrolment: The law degree should entitle the candidate to be enrolled as an advocate under the Advocates Act, 1961.
• Language Proficiency: Aspirants must have studied Punjabi up to the level of Matric or an equivalent standard. This requirement ensures that judges are well-equipped to handle cases in the local language.

Nationality

• Indian Citizenship: The candidate must be an Indian citizen.
• Other Categories: Subjects of Bhutan or Nepali citizens are eligible. Candidates of Indian origin who have migrated from Burma, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, or certain East African countries (such as Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zaire, Malawi, and Zambia) with the intent to settle permanently in India can also apply. Tibetan refugees who entered India before 1 January 1962 are eligible.
• Eligibility Certificate: Non-Indian candidates must provide an eligibility certificate issued by the Government of Punjab’s Department of Home Affairs and Justice to secure an appointment.

Age Limit and Relaxations

• General Age Limit: Candidates should be at least 21 years old and not more than 37 years of age as on the last date of submission of the application form.
• Age Relaxations:
  • Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes (all States) and Backward Classes (Punjab only): Upper age limit is relaxed up to 42 years.
  • Government Employees: Central/State Government employees, including employees of government boards, corporations, commissions, and authorities, may enjoy an extension up to 45 years.
  • Physically Handicapped (Punjab Domicile): The upper age limit for physically handicapped candidates is extended up to 47 years.
  • Widows, Divorcees, and Other Specific Categories of Women: These candidates are allowed a relaxation in the upper age limit up to 42 years.
  • Ex-servicemen (Punjab Domicile): Ex-servicemen are permitted to deduct the period of their service in the armed forces from their actual age. If the resultant age exceeds the maximum limit by no more than three years, the candidate is still eligible to apply.

Candidates must ensure that they meet all these eligibility conditions before applying. Failure to comply with any one of these criteria could result in disqualification at any stage of the selection process.

Application Process

The application process for the Punjab Judicial Service Exam is entirely online. It is imperative that candidates follow the detailed instructions provided in the official notification to avoid any errors during the application process.

Candidates are advised to read the official instructions thoroughly before submission, as any discrepancies or errors may lead to the rejection of the application.

Punjab Judicial Service Examination Pattern

The selection process for the Punjab Judicial Service Exam is conducted in three successive stages:

1. Preliminary Examination
2. Main Examination
3. Viva Voce (Interview)

Each stage is designed to test different competencies and skills necessary for a judicial officer.

Preliminary Examination

The Preliminary Examination is a computer-based objective test, designed to filter candidates for the Main Examination. Here are the key details:

• Duration: 2 hours
• Question Paper: Contains 125 multiple-choice questions.
• Total Marks: 500 marks (each question carries 4 marks).
• Negative Marking: 0.20% deduction per incorrect answer.
• Syllabus Topics:
  • Aptitude and Analytical Skills: Questions test reasoning ability and problem-solving skills.
  • Main Subjects of Law: Basic legal principles and key statutes.
  • Indian Legal and Constitutional History and Governance: Questions on the evolution of the legal system and constitutional provisions.
  • Current National and International Events: General awareness and current affairs.
• Qualifying Criteria:
  • Candidates must secure a minimum of 150 marks (100 marks for reserved category candidates) to qualify for the Main Examination.
  • The marks obtained in the Preliminary Examination are not counted towards the final result.
  • In some cases, candidates equal to 10 times the number of vacancies (subject to adjustments) are considered eligible for the next stage. In the event of a tie at the cut-off, all candidates with the same score are advanced to the Main Examination.

Main Examination

The Main Examination is a narrative (subjective) paper-based test that evaluates a candidate’s depth of legal knowledge and ability to express it effectively.

• Structure:
  • The exam comprises five papers.
  • Paper I (Civil Law – I): 200 marks
    • Covers statutes such as the Code of Civil Procedure, Punjab Courts Act, Indian Contract Act, Sale of Goods Act, Indian Partnership Act, Specific Relief Act, Transfer of Property Act, East Punjab Urban Rent Restriction Act, and Indian Evidence Act.
  • Paper II (Civil Law – II): 200 marks
    • Focuses on subjects such as Hindu Law, Muslim Law, Customary Law, Limitation and Registration Law.
  • Paper III (Criminal Law): 200 marks
    • Includes the Indian Penal Code, Criminal Procedure Code, and Indian Evidence Act (in its criminal context).
  • Paper IV (English): 200 marks
    • This paper evaluates language skills through essay writing (usually between 1000 to 1100 words), comprehension, précis writing, sentence correction, and sentence formation.
  • Paper V (Punjabi Language): 150 marks
    • Conducted in the Punjabi language (Gurumukhi script), this paper requires a minimum qualifying score of 33%. The standard is typically that of the Matriculation Examination of the Punjab School Education Board.
• Duration: Each paper is of three hours’ duration.
• Language of Examination: All papers are conducted in English, except for the Punjabi language paper.

Viva Voce (Interview)

Candidates who clear the Main Examination are called for the Viva Voce, which is designed to assess personal qualities and overall suitability for the role of a Civil Judge.

• Marks: The interview carries 100 marks.
• Eligibility: Only candidates who have secured at least 50% marks in the aggregate of the written papers (or 45% for reserved categories such as SC, BC, or physically handicapped candidates) are eligible to appear for the Viva Voce.
• Format: The interview is conducted in English. It tests the candidate’s alertness, intelligence, general outlook, and overall personality.
• Final Result: The marks obtained in the Viva Voce are combined with the Main Examination marks to determine the final selection.

Detailed Syllabus for Punjab Judicial Service Exam

A thorough understanding of the syllabus is crucial for successful preparation. The syllabus is broadly divided into two sections: the Preliminary Examination syllabus and the Main Examination syllabus.

Preliminary Examination Syllabus

The preliminary test is designed to gauge the basic aptitude and general legal knowledge of the candidates. The topics include:

• Aptitude, Analytical Skills, and Reasoning: Questions to assess problem-solving abilities and logical reasoning.
• Main Subjects of Law: Fundamental legal concepts and principles.
• Indian Legal, Constitutional History and Governance: An overview of the development of the legal system in India.
• Current National and International Events: Questions on recent events and general awareness.

Main Examination Syllabus

The Main Examination is divided into five papers, each covering distinct areas of law and language skills:

Paper I – Civil Law – I

Topics Covered:

• Code of Civil Procedure: Understanding procedural aspects and application in civil cases.
• Punjab Courts Act: Provisions governing the functioning of courts in Punjab.
• Indian Contract Act: Principles of contract formation, performance, and breach.
• Indian Sales of Goods Act: Legal aspects related to the sale and purchase of goods.
• Indian Partnership Act: Regulations governing partnerships.
• Specific Relief Act: Remedies available for breach of contract and other civil disputes.
• Transfer of Property Act (1882): Principles related to the transfer of property.
• East Punjab Urban Rent Restriction Act (1949): Regulations to protect tenants.
• Indian Evidence Act (1872): Rules regarding the admissibility and relevance of evidence in legal proceedings.

Paper II – Civil Law – II

Topics Covered:

• Hindu Law: Personal laws applicable to Hindus.
• Muslim Law: Jurisprudence and personal laws governing Muslims.
• Customary Law: Local customs and practices in legal matters.
• Law of Registration: Procedures and significance of registering legal documents.
• Limitation: Statutory limitations on filing legal actions.

Paper III – Criminal Law

Topics Covered:

• Indian Penal Code (IPC): Comprehensive study of criminal offences and punishments.
• Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC): Legal procedures for the conduct of criminal trials.
• Indian Evidence Act (Criminal Perspective): Application of evidence law in criminal cases.

Paper IV – English Language

Topics Covered:

• Essay Writing: Typically a 1000-1100 word essay to assess clarity of thought and expression.
• Comprehension: Passage-based questions to test understanding.
• Precis Writing: Summarisation of given texts.
• Sentence Correction and Formation: Assessing grammar and sentence construction skills.

Paper V – Punjabi Language

Topics Covered:

• Translation Tasks: Translation of passages in the Punjabi language (Gurumukhi script).
• Minimum Qualification: Candidates must secure at least 33% marks to pass this paper, with the standard of the exam being equivalent to the Matriculation Examination of the Punjab School Education Board.

Cut-Off Marks and Result Declaration

The final selection is based on a candidate’s performance in both the written examinations (Preliminary and Main) and the Viva Voce. Here is what candidates need to know regarding the evaluation process:

Minimum Qualifying Marks

• General Category: A minimum aggregate of 50% marks is required in the written papers, along with passing the Punjabi language paper.
• Reserved Categories (SC, BC, Physically Handicapped): A relaxed criterion of 45% aggregate marks is applicable.
• Preliminary Examination: Candidates must secure at least 150 marks (or 100 marks for reserved categories) out of 500. Only those candidates who meet this benchmark are eligible to appear for the Main Examination.

Cut-Off Details

The cut-off marks are determined by the PPSC based on several factors, including:

• The number of candidates appearing for the exam.
• The total number of vacancies available.
• The overall difficulty level of the examination.

For example, in the previous year’s examination, cut-off marks varied significantly across different categories. While general candidates had a higher cut-off, reserved categories enjoyed a relatively lower threshold. Candidates are advised to check the official notification and subsequent updates on the PPSC website for the latest cut-off details.

Declaration of Results

• Preliminary and Main Exam Results: Results are declared in PDF format and are made available on the PPSC website. Candidates can download their scorecards by entering their roll number and other required details.
• Final Selection: The final result is a combination of the marks obtained in the Main Examination and the Viva Voce. It is essential for candidates to maintain consistency in their performance across all stages to secure a favourable outcome.

Preparation Strategies and Tips

Success in the Punjab Judicial Service Exam requires a well-planned preparation strategy. Here are some tips to help candidates prepare effectively:

Understand the Syllabus and Exam Pattern

• Familiarise Yourself with the Syllabus: Ensure that you have a clear understanding of the topics covered in both the Preliminary and Main Examinations.
• Analyse Previous Year Papers: Review previous year question papers to understand the pattern of questions and the level of difficulty.
• Time Management: Develop a study timetable that allocates sufficient time to each subject and topic. Practice mock tests to improve your speed and accuracy.

Focus on Core Subjects

• Legal Subjects: Prioritise understanding the core legal subjects such as Civil Law, Criminal Law, and Constitutional Law. Ensure that you are well-versed in key statutes and case laws.
• General Awareness and Current Affairs: Regularly update yourself with national and international news. Read newspapers and legal journals to keep abreast of current developments.
• Language Skills: Practice essay writing, comprehension, and précis writing for the English paper. For the Punjabi language paper, ensure that you are comfortable with translations and language grammar.

Use Standard Preparation Material

• Recommended Books and Study Material: Refer to the best books recommended for judiciary exams. Several online coaching platforms provide free study material, model papers, and answer keys that can help in self-assessment.
• Coaching Classes: Consider joining online or offline coaching classes that specialise in judiciary exam preparation. This can provide structured guidance and regular feedback.

Practice and Revision

• Mock Tests: Regularly attempt mock tests to simulate exam conditions. This will help you identify areas where you need improvement.
• Group Study: Form study groups with fellow aspirants to discuss and clarify complex topics.
• Revision: Allocate time for regular revision. Focus on summarising key points and making concise notes for quick reference before the exam.

Frequently Asked Questions

To further assist candidates, here are some commonly asked questions regarding the Punjab Judicial Service Exam:

Q1. What is the eligibility criteria for the exam?
A: Candidates must possess an LLB degree from a recognised university, be enrolled as an advocate under the Advocates Act, 1961, and have studied Punjabi up to the level of Matric. Additionally, they must meet the prescribed age limits and nationality requirements.

Q2. How many vacancies are available?
A: In the 2025 notification, 159 vacancies were announced. However, candidates should refer to the latest notification for the exact number of vacancies.

Q3. What is the exam pattern?
A: The exam is conducted in three stages:

• Preliminary Examination: Objective test with 125 questions and a total of 500 marks.
• Main Examination: Five papers (four of 200 marks each and one language paper of 150 marks) in a narrative format.
• Viva Voce: An interview carrying 100 marks for candidates who meet the qualifying criteria.

Q4. Are there any age relaxations?
A: Yes, age relaxations are provided for SC/ST candidates, Backward Classes, government employees, physically handicapped individuals, divorced women, widows, and ex-servicemen. The specific relaxations vary from one category to another.

Q5. How can I apply for the exam?
A: The application process is entirely online. Candidates must visit the official PPSC website, fill in the application form, upload the necessary documents, pay the prescribed fee, and download the application receipt.

Final Thoughts

The Punjab Judicial Service Exam is a gateway to a fulfilling career in the judiciary. It not only offers an opportunity to serve the public and uphold the law but also comes with the prestige of being part of a well-respected institution. The comprehensive selection process, though challenging, is designed to ensure that only the most competent and dedicated candidates are selected to become Civil Judges.