Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996 Notes [Arbitration Law Notes]

The Arbitration and Conciliation Act,1996 was enacted with the objective of “to consolidate and amend the law relating to domestic arbitration, international commercial arbitration and enforcement of the foreign award, and also to define the law relating to the conciliation”.

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Contents hide

1. Notes on Arbitration Law [Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996 Notes]

2. Introduction to Alternate Dispute Resolution Mechanisms

3. Introduction to Arbitration

4. Arbitration Agreements under the 1996 Act

5. Arbitrators

6. Composition of Arbitral Tribunal

7. Arbitral Tribunal

8. Jurisdiction of Arbitral Tribunal

9. Conduct of Arbitral Proceedings

10. Making of Arbitral Award and Termination of Proceedings under Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996

11. Enforcement of Award under Arbitration and Conciliation,1996

12. Conciliation under Arbitration and Conciliation,1996

13. Mixed Forms of Dispute Resolution

14. Contemporary Developments

Notes on Arbitration Law [Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996 Notes]

Introduction to Alternate Dispute Resolution Mechanisms

Topic	Link To Notes
Alternate Dispute Resolution Mechanisms: An Overview	View Here
Negotiation: A Mode of ADR	View Here
Scope of Alternative Dispute Resolution	View Here
Historical Background of Alternative Dispute Resolution	View Here
Advantages and Disadvantages of Alternative Dispute Resolution	View Here
Types of Lok Adalat	View Here
Importance of Alternative Dispute Resolution	View Here
Types of Dispute Resolution in India	View Here
Difference Between Dispute Resolution Mechanism and Alternative Dispute Resolution	View Here
What is Negotiation in Legal Disputes?	View Here
Difference Between Litigation and Alternative Dispute Resolution	View Here
Why is ADR Important in Reducing Court Backlog in India?	View Here
What is a Dispute Resolution Mechanism?	View Here
What is Online Dispute Resolution?	View Here
Benefits of Mediation	View Here

Introduction to Arbitration

Topic	Link To Notes
What is Arbitration?	View Here
Types of Arbitration	View Here
What is Ad Hoc Arbitration?	View Here
Scope of Arbitration in India: A Comprehensive Overview	View Here
Difference Between Arbitration and Adjudication	View Here
Difference Between Arbitration and Litigation	View Here
Difference Between Mediation and Arbitration	View Here
Landmark Judgements on Arbitration in India in 2025	View Here
Landmark Judgements on Arbitration in India	View Here
Hybrid Arbitration: All You Need to Know	View Here
Difference Between Arbitration, Conciliation and Mediation	View Here
Difference Between Arbitration and Conciliation	View Here

Arbitration Agreements under the 1996 Act

Topic	Link To Notes
Arbitration Agreement under Arbitration and Conciliation Act – Arbitration Agreement – Power to refer parties to arbitration where there is an arbitration agreement – Rule of severability – Laws to be applied to an arbitration – Extent of Judicial Intervention – Interim measures – Termination of the arbitration agreement	View Here
Essentials of Arbitration Agreement	View Here
Section 11 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act	View Here
Who Can Enter Into Arbitration Agreement?	View Here
Non-Signatories to Arbitration Agreements	View Here
Effect of Novation and Assignment on Arbitration Agreements	View Here
Validity of an Unstamped Arbitration Agreement	View Here
Validity of Arbitration Clauses in Standard Form Contracts	View Here
Incorporation of Arbitration Clause by Reference	View Here
Restrictive Arbitration Clauses: Meaning, Validity, and Judicial Approach	View Here
What are Pathological Arbitration Clauses?	View Here
Doctrine of Separability in Arbitration	View Here

Arbitrators

Topic	Link
Who Is an Arbitrator?	View Here
Emergency Arbitrator in Indian Arbitration Law	View Here
Grounds for Challenging Appointment of an Arbitrator	View Here
Substitution and Replacement of Arbitrators	View Here
Termination of Mandate of Arbitrator	View Here
Removal of an Arbitrator under Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996	View Here
Appointment of Arbitrators under Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996	View Here
Ineligibility of Arbitrators Under Section 12(5) of Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996	View Here
Disclosure Obligations of Arbitrators Under Section 12	View Here
Independence and Impartiality of Arbitrators	View Here

Composition of Arbitral Tribunal

Topic	Link To Notes
Composition of an Arbitral Tribunal under Arbitration And Conciliation Act – Number of arbitrators – Appointment of arbitrators – Powers, Duties and liabilities of arbitral tribunal – Grounds for challenge – Practice and Procedure – Challenge and termination of authority of arbitrators.	View Here
Unilateral Appointment of Arbitrator	View Here

Arbitral Tribunal

Topic	Link
What Is an Arbitral Tribunal?	View Here
Is an Arbitral Tribunal a Court?	View Here
Difference Between Tribunals and Arbitral Tribunals	View Here
Interim Measures by Court and Arbitral Tribunal: Section 9 and 17	View Here
Enforcement of Interim Orders Under Section 17 of Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996	View Here

Jurisdiction of Arbitral Tribunal

Topic	Link To Notes
Jurisdiction of Arbitral Tribunal under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act	View Here
What is Kompetenz-Kompetenz Principle?	View Here
Where to File an Application to Set Aside an Arbitral Award	View Here

Conduct of Arbitral Proceedings

Topic	Link
Conduct of Arbitral Proceedings under Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996	View Here
Joinder of Parties and Consolidation of Arbitral Proceedings	View Here
Role of Expert Witnesses in Arbitration	View Here
Fast Track Arbitration Under Section 29B of Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996	View Here
Time Limits for Arbitration Under Section 29A	View Here

Making of Arbitral Award and Termination of Proceedings under Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996

Topic	Link To Notes
What is an Arbitral Award?	View Here
Making of Arbitral Award and Termination of Proceedings under Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 – Rules applicable to the substance of the dispute – Settlement – Form and contents of an arbitral award – Termination proceeding – Effect of an award.	View Here
Types of Arbitral Awards in India	View Here
Understanding the Significance of Seat and Venue in Arbitration	View Here
Can Arbitral Awards Be Challenged?	View Here
Grounds for Challenging an Arbitral Award	View Here
Setting Aside of Arbitral Awards Under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996	View Here
Public Policy of India as a Ground to Set Aside Arbitral Awards	View Here
Patent Illegality in Arbitration	View Here
Difference Between Setting Aside and Appeal in Arbitration	View Here
Consent Award in Arbitration	View Here
Settlement Agreement under Section 73 Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996	View Here

Enforcement of Award under Arbitration and Conciliation,1996

Topic	Link To Notes
Enforcement of Arbitral Award under Arbitration and Conciliation,1996 – Recourse against Arbitral Award – Finality and Enforcement of Arbitral Awards – Appeals	View Here
Limitation Period for Section 37 Applications under Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996	View Here
Enforcement of Foreign Awards in India	View Here
Stay of Enforcement of Arbitral Awards	View Here
Anti-Arbitration Injunctions in India	View Here
Extent of Judicial Intervention in Arbitration	View Here

Conciliation under Arbitration and Conciliation,1996

Topic	Link To Notes
Conciliation and Conciliators under Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996	View Here
Appointment of Conciliator	View Here
Role of Conciliator	View Here
Process of Conciliation	View Here
Difference Between Conciliation and Mediation	View Here

Mixed Forms of Dispute Resolution

Topic	Link
What is Arb-Med-Arb Mechanism of Dispute Resolution?	View Here
Braided / Mixed Med-Arb	View Here
Arbitration-Mediation (Arb-Med)	View Here
Mediation-Arbitration (Med-Arb)	View Here
Differences Between Arb-Med and Med-Arb	View Here

Contemporary Developments

Topic	Link To Notes
Mediation Act, 2023	View Here
Group of Companies Doctrine in Arbitration Proceedings	View Here
Analysis of Section 42 on Section 8, 9 and 11 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act	View Here
Role of Arbitration in Resolving Domain Name Disputes: Position in India	View Here
Annulment Proceedings under the ICSID Arbitration Rules	View Here
Does Arbitration Hinder the Growth of Common Law Jurisprudence?	View Here

Note: For books on Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms, click here.

For notes on other subjects, click here.

For case briefs and analysis, click here.

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